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Accession Day tilt
The Accession Day tilts were a series of elaborate festivities held annually at the court of Elizabeth I of England to celebrate her Accession Day, 17 November, also known as Queen's Day.〔which was elevated into a Protestant feast day by adding it to the Anglican Church calendar: "All over England the Queen's subjects expressed their joy in her Government by prayers and sermons, bell-ringing, bonfires and feasting", notes Roy C. Strong, "The Popular Celebration of the Accession Day of Queen Elizabeth I" ''Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes'' 21.1/2 (January 1958:86-103) p 87; see also, whereon sttod a lyon and a dragon, supporters Strong (1984):19 and Hutton 1994:146-151〕 The tilts combined theatrical elements with jousting, in which Elizabeth's courtiers competed to outdo each other in allegorical armour and costume, poetry, and pageantry to exalt the queen and her realm of England.〔Strong 1977, p. 129-133〕
The last Elizabethan Accession Day tilt was held in November 1602; the queen died the following spring. Tilts continued as part of festivities marking the Accession Day of James I, 24 March, until 1624, the year before his death.〔Strong (1987):137-138; Young, p. 208〕
==Origins==
Sir Henry Lee of Ditchley, Queen's Champion, devised the Accession Day tilts, which became the most important Elizabethan court festival from the 1580s.〔Festivities surrounding installations of the Order of the Garter were less frequent, less elaborate and less public.〕 The celebrations are likely to have begun somewhat informally in the early 1570s.〔 By 1581, the Queen's Day tilts "had been deliberately developed into a gigantic public spectacle eclipsing every other form of court festival", with thousands in attendance; the public were admitted for a small charge.〔Strong 1977, p. 133, & 1984:51〕 Lee himself oversaw the annual festivities until he retired as Queen's Champion at the tilt of 1590, handing over the role to George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland.〔The ceremonial transfer is described in detail in Yates, p. 102-103〕 Following Lee's retirement, orchestration of the tilts fell to the Earl of Worcester in his capacity of Master of Horse and to the queen's favourite, the Earl of Essex, although Lee remained as a sort of Master of Ceremonies at the request of the queen.〔Yates, p. 104〕
The pageants were held at the tiltyard at the Palace of Whitehall,〔except in 1593, when they were relocated to the grounds of Windsor Castle due to an outbreak of plague in London; see Young, p. 122, 169.〕 where the royal party viewed the festivities from the Tiltyard Gallery. The Office of Works constructed a platform with staircases below the gallery to facilitate presentations to the queen.〔Young, p. 119-122〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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